One of the many enemies of the Crusaders

The Ninth Crusade is considered the last major medieval Crusade to the Holy Lands. It took place in 1272 and is sometimes grouped with the Eighth Crusade. It began with Louis IX of France's failure to capture Tunis during the Eighth Crusade. That led Prince Edward of England to go to Acre, which began the Ninth Crusade. It failed because the spirit of Crusading at that time was becoming extinct and because the power of the Mamluks in Egypt kept growing. After the failure of this last Crusade all of the remaining crusader strongholds along the Mediterranean coast collapsed.